扯淡
13年毕业之际,进入第一家公司实习,接触了 EntityFramework,当时就觉得这东西太牛了,访问数据库都可以做得这么轻松、优雅!毕竟那时还年轻,没见过世面。工作之前为了拿个实习机会混个工作证明,匆匆忙忙学了两个月的 C#,就这样,稀里糊涂的做了程序员,从此走上了一条不归路。那会也只知道 SqlHelper,DataTable。ORM?太高大上,没听说过。虽然在第一家公司只呆了两个月,但让我认识了 EntityFramework,从此也走上了 ORM 的不归路...纯纯的实体,增改删超级简单,查询如行云流水,真心没理由抗拒!以至于后来进入第二家公司做开发极其不适应,因为他们没用 EF,也不用类 linq 的 ORM,他们有自己数据库访问框架。那套东西实体设计复杂,支持的功能少,查询条件还依赖字符串,开发容错率太低,DB操作入口接口设计也很重,里面方法不下60个,看心凉,用心累!那时,好怀念 EF~在新公司工作的时间内,来回都是增改页面,做增删查改,修复BUG,多少有点枯燥乏味,渐渐感觉编码能力提升太慢。同时鉴于用公司的 ORM 也不是很顺手,于是,萌生了自己写 ORM 的念头,再然后...Chloe.ORM 面世了~
导航
Chloe.ORM
Chloe 查询接口设计借(zhao)鉴(ban) linq,但不支持 linq。开发之前,我给我的 ORM 查询条件接口定义一定要支持lambda表达式(潮流、趋势,在这不讨论表达式树的性能)。开发之初,也有自己设计过查询接口,想了一套又一套,始终没 linq 设计的接口方便,后来,不想了,直接抄 linq,不解释!前人如此伟大设计,不用真对不起他们,我要站在他们的肩膀上!
先看下 IDbContext 接口:
public interface IDbContext : IDisposable{ IDbSession CurrentSession { get; } IQueryQuery () where T : new(); IEnumerable SqlQuery (string sql, params DbParam[] parameters) where T : new(); T Insert (T entity); object Insert (Expression > body); int Update (T entity); int Update (Expression > body, Expression > condition); int Delete (T entity); int Delete (Expression > condition); void TrackEntity(object entity);}
Chloe 操作入口是 IDbContext。IDbContext 仅有两个 Query、两个 Insert、两个 Update 、两个 Delete 和一个 TrackEntity 方法,以及一个 CurrentSession 的属性,设计很简单,但绝对能满足81%的需求(多一点满足,多一分热爱)! 这篇文章,主要介绍 Query 接口使用。
事前准备
实体:
public enum Gender{ Man = 1, Woman}[TableAttribute("Users")]public class User{ [Column(IsPrimaryKey = true)] [AutoIncrementAttribute] public int Id { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public Gender? Gender { get; set; } public int? Age { get; set; } public int? CityId { get; set; } public DateTime? OpTime { get; set; }}public class City{ [Column(IsPrimaryKey = true)] public int Id { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public int ProvinceId { get; set; }}public class Province{ [Column(IsPrimaryKey = true)] public int Id { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; }}
首先,创建一个 DbContext:
IDbContext context = new MsSqlContext(DbHelper.ConnectionString);
再创建一个 IQuery<T>:
IQueryq = context.Query ();
基本查询
IQueryq = context.Query ();q.Where(a => a.Id > 0).FirstOrDefault();q.Where(a => a.Id > 0).ToList();q.Where(a => a.Id > 0).OrderBy(a => a.Age).ToList();q.Where(a => a.Id > 0).Take(999).OrderBy(a => a.Age).ToList();//分页。避免生成的 sql 语句太长占篇幅,只选取 Id 和 Name 两个字段q.Where(a => a.Id > 0).OrderBy(a => a.Age).ThenByDesc(a => a.Id).Select(a => new { a.Id, a.Name }).Skip(1).Take(999).ToList();/* * SELECT TOP (999) [T].[Id] AS [Id],[T].[Name] AS [Name] FROM (SELECT [Users].[Id] AS [Id],[Users].[Name] AS [Name],ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY [Users].[Age] ASC,[Users].[Id] DESC) AS [ROW_NUMBER_0] FROM [Users] AS [Users] WHERE [Users].[Id] > 0) AS [T] WHERE [T].[ROW_NUMBER_0] > 1 *///如果需要多个条件的话q.Where(a => a.Id > 0).Where(a => a.Name.Contains("lu")).ToList();/* * SELECT [Users].[Id] AS [Id],[Users].[Name] AS [Name],[Users].[Gender] AS [Gender],[Users].[Age] AS [Age],[Users].[CityId] AS [CityId],[Users].[OpTime] AS [OpTime] FROM [Users] AS [Users] WHERE ([Users].[Id] > 0 AND [Users].[Name] LIKE '%' + N'lu' + '%') *///选取指定字段q.Select(a => new { a.Id, a.Name, a.Age }).ToList();//或者q.Select(a => new User() { Id = a.Id, Name = a.Name, Age = a.Age }).ToList();/* * SELECT [Users].[Id] AS [Id],[Users].[Name] AS [Name],[Users].[Age] AS [Age] FROM [Users] AS [Users] */
连接查询
建立连接:
MsSqlContext context = new MsSqlContext(DbHelper.ConnectionString);IQueryusers = context.Query ();IQuery cities = context.Query ();IQuery provinces = context.Query ();IJoiningQuery user_city = users.InnerJoin(cities, (user, city) => user.CityId == city.Id);IJoiningQuery user_city_province = user_city.InnerJoin(provinces, (user, city, province) => city.ProvinceId == province.Id);
只获取 UserId,CityName,ProvinceName:
user_city_province.Select((user, city, province) => new { UserId = user.Id, CityName = city.Name, ProvinceName = province.Name }).Where(a => a.UserId == 1).ToList();/* * SELECT [Users].[Id] AS [UserId],[City].[Name] AS [CityName],[Province].[Name] AS [ProvinceName] FROM [Users] AS [Users] INNER JOIN [City] AS [City] ON [Users].[CityId] = [City].[Id] INNER JOIN [Province] AS [Province] ON [City].[ProvinceId] = [Province].[Id] WHERE [Users].[Id] = 1 */
调用 Select 方法返回一个包含所有信息的 IQuery<T> 对象:
var view = user_city_province.Select((user, city, province) => new { User = user, City = city, Province = province });
查出一个用户及其隶属的城市和省份:
view.Where(a => a.User.Id == 1).ToList();/* * SELECT [Users].[Id] AS [Id],[Users].[Name] AS [Name],[Users].[Gender] AS [Gender],[Users].[Age] AS [Age],[Users].[CityId] AS [CityId],[Users].[OpTime] AS [OpTime],[City].[Id] AS [Id0],[City].[Name] AS [Name0],[City].[ProvinceId] AS [ProvinceId],[Province].[Id] AS [Id1],[Province].[Name] AS [Name1] FROM [Users] AS [Users] INNER JOIN [City] AS [City] ON [Users].[CityId] = [City].[Id] INNER JOIN [Province] AS [Province] ON [City].[ProvinceId] = [Province].[Id] WHERE [Users].[Id] = 1 */
这时候也可以选取指定的字段:
view.Where(a => a.User.Id == 1).Select(a => new { UserId = a.User.Id, CityName = a.City.Name, ProvinceName = a.Province.Name }).ToList();/* * SELECT [Users].[Id] AS [UserId],[City].[Name] AS [CityName],[Province].[Name] AS [ProvinceName] FROM [Users] AS [Users] INNER JOIN [City] AS [City] ON [Users].[CityId] = [City].[Id] INNER JOIN [Province] AS [Province] ON [City].[ProvinceId] = [Province].[Id] WHERE [Users].[Id] = 1 */
Chloe 也支持 Left Join、Right Join、Full Join 连接,用法和 Inner Join 一样,就不一一介绍了。
聚合函数
IQueryq = context.Query ();q.Select(a => DbFunctions.Count()).First();/* * SELECT TOP (1) COUNT(1) AS [C] FROM [Users] AS [Users] */q.Select(a => new { Count = DbFunctions.Count(), LongCount = DbFunctions.LongCount(), Sum = DbFunctions.Sum(a.Age), Max = DbFunctions.Max(a.Age), Min = DbFunctions.Min(a.Age), Average = DbFunctions.Average(a.Age) }).First();/* * SELECT TOP (1) COUNT(1) AS [Count],COUNT_BIG(1) AS [LongCount],SUM([Users].[Age]) AS [Sum],MAX([Users].[Age]) AS [Max],MIN([Users].[Age]) AS [Min],CAST(AVG([Users].[Age]) AS FLOAT) AS [Average] FROM [Users] AS [Users] */var count = q.Count();/* * SELECT COUNT(1) AS [C] FROM [Users] AS [Users] */var longCount = q.LongCount();/* * SELECT COUNT_BIG(1) AS [C] FROM [Users] AS [Users] */var sum = q.Sum(a => a.Age);/* * SELECT SUM([Users].[Age]) AS [C] FROM [Users] AS [Users] */var max = q.Max(a => a.Age);/* * SELECT MAX([Users].[Age]) AS [C] FROM [Users] AS [Users] */var min = q.Min(a => a.Age);/* * SELECT MIN([Users].[Age]) AS [C] FROM [Users] AS [Users] */var avg = q.Average(a => a.Age);/* * SELECT CAST(AVG([Users].[Age]) AS FLOAT) AS [C] FROM [Users] AS [Users] */
分组查询
IQueryq = context.Query ();IGroupingQuery g = q.Where(a => a.Id > 0).GroupBy(a => a.Age);g = g.Having(a => a.Age > 1 && DbFunctions.Count() > 0);g.Select(a => new { a.Age, Count = DbFunctions.Count(), Sum = DbFunctions.Sum(a.Age), Max = DbFunctions.Max(a.Age), Min = DbFunctions.Min(a.Age), Avg = DbFunctions.Average(a.Age) }).ToList();/* * SELECT [Users].[Age] AS [Age],COUNT(1) AS [Count],SUM([Users].[Age]) AS [Sum],MAX([Users].[Age]) AS [Max],MIN([Users].[Age]) AS [Min],CAST(AVG([Users].[Age]) AS FLOAT) AS [Avg] FROM [Users] AS [Users] WHERE [Users].[Id] > 0 GROUP BY [Users].[Age] HAVING ([Users].[Age] > 1 AND COUNT(1) > 0) */
SqlQuery
上面是纯面向对象的方式查询。连接查询、聚合查询、分组查询如此轻松,有没有觉得很方便?当然,始终和 linq 那种接近 sql 的 from v in q where v > 3 select v 写法没法比!同时,ORM始终是个工具,它并不是万能的,对于一些复杂的语句,还是得需要手写,因此,DbContext 也提供原生 sql 查询接口:
context.SqlQuery("select Id,Name,Age from Users where Name=@name", DbParam.Create("@name", "lu")).ToList();context.SqlQuery ("select Id from Users").ToList();
经测试,非 Debug 情况下,且都经过预热后,相同的查询在速度、性能上与 Dapper 相当,甚至比 Dapper 还快那么一丢丢。
使用进阶
IQuery<T> 接口支持连接查询、聚合查询、分组查询,这几个接口配合使用可以减少很多我们开发中的烦恼。比如:
去视图
做数据库开发,多表关联的数据结构肯定不少,难免会有多表连接查询,很多时候,为了方便查询,一般我们都会建立视图。在我看来视图很烦,真的烦。
int 烦 = 0;
1.建视图的时候,字段多的话,烦++,如果出现字段重名的情况,必须起别名,烦++。
2.视图建立起来了以后,查询是方便了,但后面维护就不那么友好了,比如某个表字段名改了、增加一个字段、删除一个字段等情况,得修改相应的视图(1个或多个),烦++;同时又要去修改相映射的实体,烦++。总之,Console.Write("烦烦烦: " + 烦.ToString()); 对于我这种懒程序员,这简直就是种煎熬!如果一套 ORM 支持连接查询,在一定程度上可以减少在数据库上建视图数量,无形中省出好多时间。
为了让 Chloe 支持连接查询,费了我不少劲。连接查询的好处可以看上面连接查询部分。
勉强应付一些复杂查询
比如,本文中的 User 表、City 表,他们的关系是一个 User 隶属一个 City,一个 City 有多个用户。假设,现在有需求要查出 City 的信息,同时也要把该 City 下用户最小的年龄输出,如果用原生 sql 写的话大概是:
City.*,T.MinAge City ( CityId,(Users.Age) MinAge Users Users.CityId) T City.Id=T.CityId
虽然也不是很复杂。来看看 Chloe 如何实现:
IQueryusers = context.Query ();IQuery cities = context.Query ();var gq = users.GroupBy(a => a.CityId).Select(a => new { a.CityId, MinAge = DbFunctions.Min(a.Age) });cities.LeftJoin(gq, (city, g) => city.Id == g.CityId).Select((city, g) => new { City = city, MinAge = g.MinAge }).ToList();/* * SELECT [T].[MinAge] AS [MinAge],[City].[Id] AS [Id],[City].[Name] AS [Name],[City].[ProvinceId] AS [ProvinceId] FROM [City] AS [City] LEFT JOIN (SELECT [Users].[CityId] AS [CityId],MIN([Users].[Age]) AS [MinAge] FROM [Users] AS [Users] GROUP BY [Users].[CityId]) AS [T] ON [City].[Id] = [T].[CityId] */
完全可以用面向对象的方式就可以实现,怎么样?很实用吧,免去拼 sql,让更多的时间去做业务开发!
更多的用法还有待挖掘。
支持的lambda
Chloe 查询条件依赖 lambda 表达式,从对 lambda 表达式树零认知到完成对其解析这块,花了我好多精力,费了好多神,掉了不少头发。现在对谓语支持很丰富,可以说爱怎么写就怎么写~
IQueryq = context.Query ();List ids = new List ();ids.Add(1);ids.Add(2);ids.Add(2);string name = "lu";string nullString = null;bool b = false;bool b1 = true;q.Where(a => true).ToList();q.Where(a => a.Id == 1).ToList();q.Where(a => a.Id == 1 || a.Id > 1).ToList();q.Where(a => a.Id == 1 && a.Name == name && a.Name == nullString && a.Id == FeatureTest.ID).ToList();q.Where(a => ids.Contains(a.Id)).ToList();q.Where(a => !b == (a.Id > 0)).ToList();q.Where(a => a.Id > 0).Where(a => a.Id == 1).ToList();q.Where(a => !(a.Id > 10)).ToList();q.Where(a => !(a.Name == name)).ToList();q.Where(a => a.Name != name).ToList();q.Where(a => a.Name == name).ToList();q.Where(a => (a.Name == name) == (a.Id > 0)).ToList();q.Where(a => a.Name == (a.Name ?? name)).ToList();q.Where(a => (a.Age == null ? 0 : 1) == 1).ToList();//运算操作符q.Select(a => new{ Add = 1 + 2, Subtract = 2 - 1, Multiply = 2 * 11, Divide = 4 / 2, And = true & false, IntAnd = 1 & 2, Or = true | false, IntOr = 3 | 1,}).ToList();
常用的函数
IQueryq = context.Query (); var space = new char[] { ' ' }; DateTime startTime = DateTime.Now; DateTime endTime = DateTime.Now.AddDays(1); q.Select(a => new{ Id = a.Id, String_Length = (int?)a.Name.Length,//LEN([Users].[Name]) Substring = a.Name.Substring(0),//SUBSTRING([Users].[Name],0 + 1,LEN([Users].[Name])) Substring1 = a.Name.Substring(1),//SUBSTRING([Users].[Name],1 + 1,LEN([Users].[Name])) Substring1_2 = a.Name.Substring(1, 2),//SUBSTRING([Users].[Name],1 + 1,2) ToLower = a.Name.ToLower(),//LOWER([Users].[Name]) ToUpper = a.Name.ToUpper(),//UPPER([Users].[Name]) IsNullOrEmpty = string.IsNullOrEmpty(a.Name),//太长,不贴了 Contains = (bool?)a.Name.Contains("s"),//太长,略 Trim = a.Name.Trim(),//RTRIM(LTRIM([Users].[Name])) TrimStart = a.Name.TrimStart(space),//LTRIM([Users].[Name]) TrimEnd = a.Name.TrimEnd(space),//RTRIM([Users].[Name]) StartsWith = (bool?)a.Name.StartsWith("s"),//太长,略 EndsWith = (bool?)a.Name.EndsWith("s"),//太长,略 SubtractTotalDays = endTime.Subtract(startTime).TotalDays,//CAST(DATEDIFF(DAY,@P_0,@P_1) SubtractTotalHours = endTime.Subtract(startTime).TotalHours,//CAST(DATEDIFF(HOUR,@P_0,@P_1) SubtractTotalMinutes = endTime.Subtract(startTime).TotalMinutes,//CAST(DATEDIFF(MINUTE,@P_0,@P_1) SubtractTotalSeconds = endTime.Subtract(startTime).TotalSeconds,//CAST(DATEDIFF(SECOND,@P_0,@P_1) SubtractTotalMilliseconds = endTime.Subtract(startTime).TotalMilliseconds,//CAST(DATEDIFF(MILLISECOND,@P_0,@P_1) Now = DateTime.Now,//GETDATE() UtcNow = DateTime.UtcNow,//GETUTCDATE() Today = DateTime.Today,//CAST(GETDATE() AS DATE) Date = DateTime.Now.Date,//CAST(GETDATE() AS DATE) Year = DateTime.Now.Year,//DATEPART(YEAR,GETDATE()) Month = DateTime.Now.Month,//DATEPART(MONTH,GETDATE()) Day = DateTime.Now.Day,//DATEPART(DAY,GETDATE()) Hour = DateTime.Now.Hour,//DATEPART(HOUR,GETDATE()) Minute = DateTime.Now.Minute,//DATEPART(MINUTE,GETDATE()) Second = DateTime.Now.Second,//DATEPART(SECOND,GETDATE()) Millisecond = DateTime.Now.Millisecond,//DATEPART(MILLISECOND,GETDATE()) DayOfWeek = DateTime.Now.DayOfWeek,//(DATEPART(WEEKDAY,GETDATE()) - 1) Int_Parse = int.Parse("1"),//CAST(N'1' AS INT) Int16_Parse = Int16.Parse("11"),//CAST(N'11' AS SMALLINT) Long_Parse = long.Parse("2"),//CAST(N'2' AS BIGINT) Double_Parse = double.Parse("3"),//CAST(N'3' AS FLOAT) Float_Parse = float.Parse("4"),//CAST(N'4' AS REAL) Decimal_Parse = decimal.Parse("5"),//CAST(N'5' AS DECIMAL) Guid_Parse = Guid.Parse("D544BC4C-739E-4CD3-A3D3-7BF803FCE179"),//CAST(N'xxx' AS UNIQUEIDENTIFIER) AS [Guid_Parse] Bool_Parse = bool.Parse("1"),//CASE WHEN CAST(N'1' AS BIT) = CAST(1 AS BIT) THEN CAST(1 AS BIT) WHEN NOT (CAST(N'1' AS BIT) = CAST(1 AS BIT)) THEN CAST(0 AS BIT) ELSE NULL END AS [Bool_Parse] DateTime_Parse = DateTime.Parse("1992-1-16"),//CAST(N'1992-1-16' AS DATETIME) AS [DateTime_Parse] B = a.Age == null ? false : a.Age > 1,}).ToList();
Chloe 的查询,基本就这些用法。因为查询接口直接借鉴 linq,所以,看起来就好像在介绍 linq 一样,抱歉- -。也正因为这点,之前我把项目中的 EF 替换成 Chloe 的时候,因为我个人不怎么用 linq 的 from in select 那种语法,所以,替换的时候几乎不用改什么代码,就可以成功编译运行。EF 对实体间的关系处理得非常好,如一对多,一对一导航,Chloe 倒没那么强大。就目前的 Chloe 的 Query 接口,基本可以满足大部分查询需求了。
现在市面上各种ORM,层出不穷,有人可能会问 LZ 为什么还要重复造轮子?
- 这确实是一个ORM齐放的年代,各色各样,千奇百怪的都有。但让人满意的框架(EF除外,EF在我心中是神一样的存在)少之又少。做得不错的,也总有些方面不足,恰恰却因为一些小小的不足让我止步,如实体复杂,不支持 lambda,支持lambda的但支持的写法又不多,连接查询不是很友好、便捷等等,都怪我太挑剔,抱歉。
- 文章开头也说过,增删查改,烦了。想用业余时间做点有意思的东西,提升自己编码能力的同时也可以学到更多知识。因为写了这个框架,我对面对对象的理解更加深刻了,如果不尝试的话,我估计我在程序员职业生涯内连个抽象类、接口都不会设计,更别说会什么设计模式,面对对象编程原则了。之所以选择做 ORM,因为 ORM 很贴切我们日常开发,只要涉及数据库,就可以用到!
- 如果上面两点还不足以让您明白我为什么要造轮子,那最后我要告诉您的是:我是一枚任性的程序员,我就是要造轮子!
结语
Chloe.ORM 完全开源,遵循 Apache2.0 协议,托管于GitHub,供大伙学习参考,如果能参与开发与完善 Chloe 那再好不过了,项目地址:。感兴趣或觉得不错的望赏个star,不胜感激!
若能顺手点个赞,更加感谢!